When was Columbus Day made a holiday? The answer to this question is not as straightforward as one might expect. Columbus Day, celebrated on the second Monday of October each year, commemorates the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas in 1492. However, the history of Columbus Day as a federal holiday in the United States is a complex one, involving various political and social factors over the years. Let’s delve into the timeline and significance of this holiday.
The idea of celebrating Columbus’s arrival in the New World originated in the late 18th century. In 1792, the first Columbus Day parade was held in New York City to mark the 300th anniversary of Columbus’s voyage. This event was largely organized by Italian-Americans, who were among the first to recognize the importance of Columbus’s discovery.
Over the next few decades, other cities and states began to observe Columbus Day, often with varying degrees of enthusiasm. It wasn’t until 1937 that Columbus Day was officially recognized as a federal holiday in the United States. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed a proclamation making Columbus Day a federal holiday, and it was celebrated for the first time on October 12, 1937.
The creation of Columbus Day as a federal holiday was largely influenced by the efforts of Italian-Americans who wanted to honor their heritage and celebrate the contributions of their community. However, the holiday has been surrounded by controversy since its inception. Many Native American groups and other critics argue that Columbus Day celebrates the oppression and violence that accompanied European colonization in the Americas. They believe that the holiday should be renamed to reflect a more accurate and respectful history.
In response to these concerns, some states and cities have either renamed the holiday or removed it from their calendars. For example, in 1992, when Columbus Day was celebrated to mark the 500th anniversary of Columbus’s arrival, some states and cities chose to commemorate the quincentennial in a different manner, focusing on the impact of European colonization on Native American populations.
Despite the ongoing debate, Columbus Day remains a federal holiday in the United States. It serves as a reminder of the complex history of European exploration and colonization in the Americas. As we reflect on the past, it is crucial to acknowledge the contributions and sufferings of all involved in this pivotal moment in history. Whether we celebrate Columbus Day or rename it, the discussion about its significance continues to shape our understanding of the past and the present.
