What Monkey is Sun Wukong Based On?
Sun Wukong, one of the most iconic characters in Chinese mythology and literature, is a monkey hero known for his agility, strength, and wisdom. His story is featured in the classic novel “Journey to the West,” written by Wu Cheng’en during the Ming Dynasty. The question that often arises among readers and scholars is: what monkey is Sun Wukong based on? This article aims to explore the origins of Sun Wukong and delve into the various influences that shaped this legendary figure.
Origins in Chinese Folklore
The origins of Sun Wukong can be traced back to Chinese folklore, where he was initially known as the Monkey King. In ancient Chinese tales, the Monkey King was depicted as a divine figure with supernatural powers. One of the earliest references to the Monkey King can be found in the “Suzhou Zhouli,” a collection of legends compiled during the Song Dynasty. According to these legends, the Monkey King was born from a stone and gained his divine powers through a series of mystical events.
Influences from Buddhist and Taoist Texts
The Monkey King’s character also drew inspiration from Buddhist and Taoist texts. In Buddhist mythology, there is a monkey named Hanuman, who is revered as an avatar of Lord Rama and plays a significant role in the epic Ramayana. The similarities between Hanuman and Sun Wukong, such as their strength, loyalty, and divine origins, suggest that Wu Cheng’en may have been influenced by these stories.
Similarly, Taoist texts, particularly those related to the Monkey King, describe the character as a celestial being who resides in the heavens. The Taoist philosophy of transformation and the pursuit of immortality seem to have contributed to the development of Sun Wukong’s character.
The Tang Dynasty and the Monkey King’s Deification
The Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) played a crucial role in the deification of the Monkey King. During this period, there was a growing interest in the supernatural and the mystical. The Monkey King’s legend became more prominent, and he was often depicted as a divine figure who protected the Chinese people from evil spirits.
The Tang Dynasty also saw the rise of the “Xiyouji” (Journey to the West), a novel that would later become one of the most famous works in Chinese literature. Wu Cheng’en’s portrayal of Sun Wukong was heavily influenced by the deification of the Monkey King during this era.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Sun Wukong’s origins can be attributed to a combination of Chinese folklore, Buddhist and Taoist texts, and the cultural and historical context of the Tang Dynasty. The Monkey King’s character has evolved over time, but his roots remain firmly planted in the rich tapestry of Chinese mythology. Understanding the various influences that shaped Sun Wukong allows us to appreciate the depth and complexity of this legendary figure and his enduring legacy in Chinese literature and culture.
