When was the Indus Valley Civilization started? This question has intrigued historians and archaeologists for centuries. The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, is one of the oldest urban civilizations in the world, predating the ancient Egyptians and Sumerians. Its origins remain a subject of much debate, but recent archaeological findings have provided valuable insights into its beginnings.
The Indus Valley Civilization is believed to have started around 3300 BCE. This date is based on radiocarbon dating of artifacts found at the archaeological sites of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which are the two most prominent cities of this civilization. These sites were discovered in the 1920s by archaeologists Sir John Marshall and Daya Ram Sahni, who uncovered a wealth of information about the people who lived there.
The Indus Valley Civilization was characterized by its advanced urban planning, sophisticated drainage systems, and a well-developed economy. The cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were among the largest in the world at the time, with populations estimated to be around 40,000 and 50,000 respectively. The civilization’s inhabitants were skilled in various crafts, including pottery, metalworking, and textile production.
Despite its advanced nature, the Indus Valley Civilization declined rapidly around 1900 BCE. The reasons for its collapse are still a matter of debate, with some experts suggesting that environmental factors, such as changes in the Indus River’s course, played a significant role. Others believe that political instability, invasion, or a combination of both factors contributed to the civilization’s downfall.
The Indus Valley Civilization left behind a rich cultural legacy that has influenced subsequent civilizations in the region. Its script, which remains undeciphered, is one of the most intriguing aspects of this ancient civilization. The Indus Valley script is one of the oldest writing systems in the world, predating the Egyptian hieroglyphs and the Sumerian cuneiform script.
Archaeological research continues to shed light on the early stages of the Indus Valley Civilization. Excavations at sites such as Lothal, Dholavira, and Ganweriwala have provided further evidence of the civilization’s origins and development. These sites have revealed early settlements that predate the major cities, indicating that the Indus Valley Civilization was not a sudden emergence but rather a gradual development over time.
In conclusion, the Indus Valley Civilization started around 3300 BCE, marking a significant milestone in the history of human civilization. Its advanced urban planning, sophisticated drainage systems, and well-developed economy highlight the ingenuity of its inhabitants. While the reasons for its collapse remain a mystery, the Indus Valley Civilization’s cultural legacy continues to fascinate and inspire researchers today.
