How to Cite in APA If No Author
Citing sources in APA format can sometimes be challenging, especially when dealing with sources that do not have an identifiable author. This article will provide guidance on how to properly cite such sources in APA style. By following these steps, you can ensure that your citations are accurate and consistent with APA guidelines.
Identifying the Source
When citing a source without an author in APA format, it is crucial to identify the source as thoroughly as possible. This includes providing the title of the work, the publication date, and any other relevant information that can help readers locate the source. If the source is an online article, include the URL or DOI (Digital Object Identifier) in the citation.
Formatting the In-text Citation
For in-text citations, APA style requires you to include the author’s last name and the year of publication. However, when there is no author, you should use the title of the work instead. Place the title in quotation marks and follow it with the year of publication in parentheses. For example:
> “Title of the Work” (2021)
Formatting the Reference List Entry
In the reference list, the citation format for a source without an author is slightly different. Begin with the title of the work, followed by the publication date in parentheses. If the source is an online article, include the URL or DOI after the publication date. For example:
> Title of the Work (2021). Retrieved from URL or DOI
Example Citations
Here are some examples of how to cite sources without an author in APA format:
1. In-text citation:
> “Title of the Work” (2021)
2. Reference list entry for a print source:
> Title of the Work. (2021)
3. Reference list entry for an online article:
> Title of the Work. (2021). Retrieved from URL or DOI
By following these guidelines, you can effectively cite sources without an author in APA format. Always remember to double-check your citations against the latest edition of the APA Publication Manual to ensure accuracy.
