When were Canadian pennies made of copper? This question delves into the history of Canada’s currency and the evolution of its coinage. The use of copper in Canadian pennies has a rich and interesting history, reflecting the country’s economic and industrial development over the years.
The first Canadian pennies, known as the “Large Penny,” were introduced in 1858. These coins were made entirely of copper, weighing approximately 1.3 grams and measuring 19.05 millimeters in diameter. The composition of these pennies was 98% copper and 2% tin, which was a common practice at the time to enhance the durability of the coin.
The copper penny continued to be the standard for Canadian currency until 1921. During this period, the penny played a crucial role in the Canadian economy, serving as a small denomination coin that facilitated transactions and was widely used by the public. The copper penny featured various designs, including the British crown, the coat of arms, and the profile of Queen Victoria.
However, the demand for copper increased significantly during World War I, leading to a shortage of the metal. In response, the Royal Canadian Mint decided to alter the composition of the penny. In 1921, the penny was made of bronze, which was a cheaper and more readily available alternative to copper. This change was a strategic move to conserve copper resources for military purposes during the war.
Despite the shift to bronze, the copper penny made a comeback in 1937. The Royal Canadian Mint reintroduced the copper penny, but with a smaller size and reduced weight. The new penny, known as the “Small Penny,” weighed approximately 1.1 grams and measured 18.1 millimeters in diameter. The composition of the Small Penny was 95% copper and 5% tin, which was slightly different from the original Large Penny.
The use of copper in Canadian pennies continued until 1982. In that year, the Royal Canadian Mint introduced a new penny made of a zinc-plated steel core, coated with a thin layer of copper. This change was primarily driven by the rising cost of copper and the need to find a more cost-effective alternative. The copper plating on the new penny provided a distinctive reddish color, reminiscent of the traditional copper penny.
In conclusion, Canadian pennies were made of copper from 1858 to 1921 and again from 1937 to 1982. The use of copper in these coins played a significant role in Canada’s economic and industrial history. The transition to other metals, such as bronze and zinc-plated steel, reflects the evolving needs and priorities of the country over time.
